Diffuse Water Pollution from Agriculture: A Review of Nature-Based Solutions for Nitrogen Removal and Recovery

The implementation of nature-based solutions (NBSs) can be a suitable and sustainable approach to coping with environmental issues related diffuse water pollution from agriculture. NBSs exploit natural mitigation processes that promote the removal different contaminants agricultural wastewater, they also enable recovery otherwise lost resources (i.e., nutrients). Among these, nitrogen impacts ecosystems, resulting in serious human health issues. Recent research activities have investigated capability NBS remove polluted water. However, regulating mechanisms for complex, since wide range decontamination pathways, such as plant uptake, microbial degradation, substrate adsorption filtration, precipitation, sedimentation, volatilization, involved. Investigating these is beneficial enhancement performance NBSs. present study provides comprehensive review factors influence types NBSs, possible strategies been reported literature.